Changing the Nature of Higher Education Research Paper

Changing the Nature of Higher Education - Research Paper Example n model, there was an approved arrangement for â€Å"College Senate† in one of the foundations, yet the local laws expressed that the participation could be drawn completely from the leading group of directs and school governors, and not from the personnel. From these, one can evaluate that the creation and refinement of the structure is a heritage of the pioneer universities which thus characterized and formed the advanced education framework in the United States to the current day. In any case, Thelin (2004) proposes that we do take in numerous direct occurrences from Adams about Harvard in 1858. The classes were little and had around one hundred understudies for each class with an all out enlistment of around 500. Its staff could appreciate a high neighborhood glory in the general public however were not generously compensated (p.63). This training in the Harvard was actualized with goal to empower them for building up the propensity for self-analysis and even self-question . Before the finish of the nineteenth century, different frameworks in the German advanced education, for example, perfect of cutting edge grant and doctoral projects with graduate understudies had impacts over the United States’ advanced education framework. The American college during the 1890s regularly was the notable school that was inside revamped and improved by new projects. It appeared as though a buffet for understudies and a couple of them picked a bachelor’s certificate from that point. It was the Morril Act of 1862 added to the development of the state school into the college model of unified units (Thelin, p. 104). In any case, the faculty’s training over-burden continued as before even with the venture into new framework. Just token remittances were allowed for graduate courses and workshops while curricular contributions were for students. The usage of new scholarly frameworks came about... From the plate ussion it is clear thatâ the advanced education in the frontier period had been under the organization of sovereigns, lords, and diocesans for a considerable length of time. The personnel at these foundations confronted day by day investigation from the managerial board and got unbalanced methodology from the chiefs who designated them. Truth be told, as Thelin states, the scholarly opportunity and the privileges of the educator in regard to the â€Å"hiring and firing† got little thought from the specialists. At this period, a class president normally answered to the leading body of heads as opposed to the faculty. This article focuses on that a central point that impacted the adjustments in workforce framework was the commitments made by Charles Eliot. He picked up popularity however regularly alluded as reputation by executing strong modernizations at Harvard College. He presented an elective framework from which a few universities detailed arrangements fo r electives in understudy educational plan, while others continued a similar course of study. There have been confirms about actualizing more arrangements for specific offices. The workforce distinguishing proof was the factor exceptionally affected by the arrangement to combination the universities.  The states’ quietness on issues of advanced education grounds upgrade during the 1880s was not a consequence of the governments’ lack of engagement towards research, applied science or innovation. It didn't suggest that schools or colleges were frameworks for enormous scope government ventures.

Summary Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes Essays

Outline Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes Essays Outline Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes Essay Outline Chapter 1 Johnson, Whittington Scholes Essay Johnson, Scholes Whittington †Exploring Strategy, content and cases Chapter 1 †Introducing Strategy Defining procedure Strategy is about the key issues for the eventual fate of associations, or as it were, the drawn out course for an association. The depiction of procedure in the book has two preferences: 1. It can incorporate conscious, legitimate procedure and steady, new examples of technique; 2. It can lay the emphasis on contrasts and rivalry just as on perceiving the jobs of collaboration and impersonation. The long haul: As methodologies are frequently estimated over years or even decennia, the significance of technique is large. This can be effortlessly clarified in the ‘Three Horizons Framework’. The Three Horizons Framework is a figure which focuses on an organization to excist out of three organizations or exercises, these are characterized by skylines. (figure 1) Horizon 1: Basically the present center exercises of an organization. Skyline 2: Where organizations are making additional opportunities to pick up benefit. Figure 1. The three skylines system Horizon 3: Were an organization make practical choices, where nothing is certain. For instance, innovative work task and start-up adventures. Can't anticipate what is coming. In short it tends to be said that organizations should concentrate on the drawn out procedure rather than just on the momentary issues. The key course: Strategies follow consistently a sort of way or example. Subsequently, procedures are set by long haul destinations. The majority of the occasions, the destinations are set so as to expand most extreme benefit for the partners. The association: Organizations include unique, complex associations with investors. These are interior just as outside. * Management is a basic factor in setting up and actualizing a system. Levels of technique There are three degrees of system 1. Corporate level procedure: Has to do with the general extent of the organization and how worth is added to the entire association. 2. Business level system: How an organization ought to contend in its particular market. Likewise called a serious technique. 3. Operational procedures: is about how various units of an organization executes the business and corporate technique with respect to the assets, procedures and individuals. Defintions Strategy explanation: is the synopsis of the technique, ought to be short. Likewise it should comprise of parts, for example, objectives, extension, exercises and focal points. Extension: Consists of clients or customers; geological area; degree of inner exercises (vertical mix) Advantage: How the organization will accomplish the targets which are set for itself in the picked space. Strategic: would we like to be. Vision:How would we like to accomplish this. Objectives:What do we need to accomplish in the coming time frame. Parts of system: There are three fundamental braches: 1. Technique setting: Internal and outer setting of associations. Inquires about the business examination, social analysi and the asset based view. 2. System content: Concerns substance of various techniques and their degree of accomplishment. Examines the decisions and exhibitions of various techniques. 3. System process: concentrates how techniques are shaped and actualized. Investigates the vital arranging, decisions and changes and procedure as-practice. * Studying system includes various types of viewpoints, for example, mental, social and monetary perspectives. The investigating methodology model: This model looks at the comprehension of the key situation of an organization (the specific circumstance); evaluating the key decisions for the future (the substance) and oversees system in real life (process). The key position: Worried about the effect of procedure of the outside condition, the company’s vital capacity, the objectives of the organization and the organizations culture. 1. The earth: is fundamentally concentrating on circumstances and dangers which are accessible in the earth where the organization is working in. 2. Key ability: is made up about an organizations assets, for example, machines. Its abilities are for instance specialized and administrative aptitudes. 3. Vital reason: each organization has its own strategic, and destinations. What they are chiefly concentrating on is the thing that an organization needs to accomplish later on. . Culture: Organizational societies may be significant for an organization, as it can impact the technique. Accordingly, it is essential to realize how a culture can shape procedure. The key decisions: Examines the choices regarding course (in which the procedure may move) and the techniques (which the methodology may persue). 1. Business methodology : likewise called serious procedure. How an organization looks to contend with different organizations. 2. Corporate technique expansion: the portfolio scope, or as such, which organizations ought to be remembered for this portfolio. Expansion in essentially about the scope of items and markets. 3. Worldwide procedure: type of separation and in which global markets an organization could contend. testing. 4. Advancement business enterprise: so as to endure, an organization should be imaginative consistently. Business enterprise, or any type of it, is accordingly additionally a sort of advancement. 5. Securing partnerships: Mainly about expanding an organization and in what direction this ought to be actualized. By purchasing another organization, partner or to go it exclusively. The methodology in real life: How a technique is framed and applied. 1. Key assessment: When vital choices have been set it is essential to check whether they are important. Thus, a few components ought to be remembered, for example, reasonableness, worthiness and practicality. 2. Vital improvement process: what sort of arranging procedure should an organization have. 3. Arranging: When a technique is set, association is crucial so as to execute it. 4. Authority and vital change: Managing includes administration and change. This is significant as we live in a powerful world. 5. Key practice: Who does what in the vital procedure. * Issues in regards to the investigating technique model: Small organizations Multinational partnerships Public segments and not-for-benefits organizations The system focal points Ways of taking a gander at key issues contrastingly so as to create numerous bits of knowledge. * Strategy as configuration: arranging and breaking down * Strategy as experience: Strategy affected by understanding of chiefs * Strategy as variety:Initiatives, assorted variety and new choices * Strategy as talk: * The focal points empowers the investigation of alternate points of view.

Whats on the horizon for the Energy Environment Concentration COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Whats on the horizon for the Energy Environment Concentration COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Spring has sprung and we are pumped up for a big semester. We are making some exciting improvements based on a whole lot of feedback last semester, including a student satisfaction survey, faculty consultations, a benchmarking study, and an informal internal review. For example, we are developing a more rigorous foundation for the environment track, and bolstering students  analytic proficiency  by running an excel and financial modeling workshop. We are also boosting our career support for students. Last September we launched  The Program, a pilot initiative to provide sector-specific career support in collaboration with the Office of Career Services. Part of this is encouraging students to do some soul searching about the type of future they want, and holding them accountable by requiring them to submit a pipeline of job leads monthly. Students in The Program can book one-on-one career advisory sessions with Professor Bradford, attend tailored  networking and interviewing  workshops, and participate in specialized forums to discuss challenges and resources in specific fields within the Energy Environment realm. Currently, 95 students are participating in The Program.  We are already quietly celebrating a number of students who have found fantastic jobs well before graduation. Lots of other things are in the pipeline. We cant tell you about them just yet, but stay tuned!

Euthanasia Is Not Appropriate Means Of Death - 861 Words

Euthanasia or physician assisted dying is not appropriate means of death Euthanasia is the intentional killing by act or omission of treatment to a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. Euthanasia, can be voluntary (the patient requests it), involuntary (the patient is not mentally or emotionally capable of making the decision) and non-voluntary (the patient is in a coma or otherwise incapable of expressing his/her wishes). The key difference between euthanasia and physician assisted dying is one requires a third party administering the lethal dose of drugs (euthanasia) and the other (PAD) the patient decides when, how and administers the drugs themselves. These methods are considered merciful death but are only legal in few countries and states within the United States. This essay will focus on some of the moral and ethical dilemmas surrounding this controversial topic and why euthanasia or physician assisted dying are not appropriate means of death. Many morale and ethical theories emphasize the significance of human life. Two such moral theories is natural law and Kantian morale theory. Natural law is grounded in all that is natural (the way things ought to be).There are 4 basic intrinsic goods within natural law, Human life, human procreation, human knowledge and human sociability. As one may note the first and most prominent is Human life. Society and the public over the centuries have placed high value on human life, so much so that weShow MoreRelatedEuthanasi An Ethical Principle956 Words   |  4 PagesThe right to die is an ethical principle that allows a person to commit suicide or undergo intentional euthanasia, which is a Greek word that means an action of deliberately ending a life to ease pain. Many nations have adopted different euthanasia regulations meant to help patients end suffering from dangerous maladies. The British government was among the pioneers of the law since it aimed to relieve intractable suffering of critically ill patients (Hendry 13). In some European nations, such asRead MoreEuthanasia and Assisted Suicide1645 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are actions at the core of what it means to be human - the moral and ethical actions that make us who we are, or who we ought to be. Euthanasia, a subject known in the twenty-first century, is subject to many discussions about ethical permissibility, which date back to as far as ancient Greece and Rome. It was not until the Hippocratic School removed the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide from medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises manyRead MoreEuthanasia Is A Medical Act Of A Physician Or Any Other Person?1016 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia is defined as the act of a physician or any other person intentionally killing a person by the administration of drugs, at that person’s voluntary and competent request. It is a ‘mercy killing’ which means to take a deliberate action aimed at ending a life to relieve intractable suffering or persisted pain. (Emanuel et al) Euthanasia could also be interpreted as the practice of ending a life painlessly. Euthanasia is technical description of the act regarding the process that is usuallyRead MoreView of Euthanasia of a Follower of Natural Law Essay examples705 Words   |  3 PagesView of Euthanasia of a Follower of Natural Law Euthanasia is the international killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. There are different types of euthanasia; voluntary, when the person who is killed has requested to be killed. Involuntary euthanasia is when the person who is killed made no request or gave no consent, Assisted suicide is when someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to takeRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1490 Words   |  6 Pagesin pain too just like you are in pain. What would you do? Euthanasia is and act where a person assist the death of other person and relieves him/her from pain. It is also called as mercy killing. It is controversial because, some may thing it is immoral and some may think it is against their religious values. But, the fact is, the person who suffers with pain knows the pain better than anybody. It is the person’s decision to make. Euthanasia should be legalized with the involvements of legal documentsRead More Euthanasia Essay - Religious Views on Assisted Suicide1212 Words   |  5 PagesOfficial Religious Views on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay is dedicated to the expression of the various official views of religious bodies within our nation. Most major denominations are represented. These religions have long been the custodians of the truth, serving to check the erratic and unpredictable tendencies of political, judicial and social bodies which would have Americans killing off their elderly and handicapped.    The National Association of EvangelicalsRead MoreEssay on The Right To Die1135 Words   |  5 Pagesextend the lives of many far beyond when they would have died in the past. Death, in modern times, often ensures a long and painful fall where one loses control both physically and emotionally. Some individuals embrace the time that modern technology buys them; while others find the loss of control overwhelming and frightening. They want their loved ones to remember them as they were not as they have become. Some even elect death to avoid burdens of lingering on. They also seek assistance in doing soRead MoreEuthanasia: Perspective from Theory of Personality Virtue768 Words   |  3 Pages Considering the moral issue of euthanasia, euthanasia is the act of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from painful and/or incurable diseases or incapacitating physical disorders. There are many ways to approach euthanasia, but it would not be the main focus of this argument as it will be discussed in general sense. Theory of personality virtue does not in favour of euthanasia, nor totally rejects the notion of euthanasia. The judgements of euthanasia using theory of personality virtueRead MoreAs Detailed In The â€Å"Historical Timeline: History Of Euthanasia1321 Words   |  6 PagesAs detailed in the â€Å"Historical Timeline: History of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)†, the topic of Euthanasia and Physician-assisted Suicide has been around since the 5th century B.C. when ancient Greeks and Romans seemed to support Euthanasia before Christianity. Then, there was a transition in history where the consensus on the matter was that the Church and Co mmon Law prohibited suicide and assisted suicide. The 18th century is where this topic became more prevalent where writersRead MoreEuthanasia And The Right Of Life And Euthanasia1558 Words   |  7 Pagesof Right to Life and Euthanasia, first it should be defined by at least two notions: Euthanasia and the Right to Life, the first are definitions as those shown below: Some authors see that the concept or the notion of Euthanasia is too ambiguous, which can lead us to understand very different and even contradictory things. Let s refer to it: 1. A normed use: Death without physical suffering or which causes voluntarily Another use is the Factual painless death or death in a state of grace

U.s. Maritime Transportation Security Act - 824 Words

Massport has enacted several policies and procedures to tighten security and better secure their various waterfront terminals. These policies include, but may not be limited to: 1. Transportation Worker Identification Credential: Massport has mandated the use of the Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) and Massport Maritime Credentials for all workers entering Conley Terminal and Black Falcon Cruise Terminal. Required by the Maritime Transportation Security Act, TWIC is a threat assessment tool used to vet workers who require unescorted access to secure maritime facilities, vessels and other critical assets (e.g. cyber systems). Types of workers include, but may not be limited to, U.S. Coast Guard documented mariners, port and terminal operators, truckers, equipment maintenance personnel and port security personnel. Following a successful background check, workers are issued an identification which contains key employee information including name, a photo and biometric data. Personnel requesting a Massport Maritime Credential must present a TWIC card at the time of their request. Massachusetts currently supports five TWIC enrollment lo cations. They are located in Pocasset, Brockton, Boston, Worcester and Springfield. 2. Non-Intrusive Inspection Program: Safeguarding U.S. borders requires the use of available and emerging technology to detect contraband and radiological material, deny entry when warranted and deter criminal or terroristShow MoreRelatedDevelopments Of Securing The Nation s Ports788 Words   |  4 PagesAlaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Transportation Security Administration (2010), broaden the definition of† the maritime sector to include a wide range of watercraft and vessels and consists of approximately 95,000 miles of coastline, 361 ports, more than 10,000 miles of navigable waterways, 3.4 million square miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone, and intermodal landside connections, which allow the various modes of transportation to move people and goods to, from, andRead MoreRole Of Customs And Border Protection1644 Words   |  7 Pages1 - What is the role of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in securing trade in maritime ports? The role of the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is to ensure all goods and people coming into the United States lawful and keeping contraband and WMD out of the United States. Additionally Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is responsible for international trade in and out of the United States. The policies and enforcement of the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) can make or break trade withinRead MoreEssay On Containerized Shipping1724 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper Maritime Terrorist Attacks via Containerized Shipping Christopher Welch Author Note This paper was prepared for Operations Management 5993, taught by Dr. Livingston Executive Summary There is a growing concern over the vulnerabilities of port security and the possible exploitation of these vulnerabilities by a terrorist organization; specifically, the use of containerized shipping. The vastness of the process of maritime operations alone creates a large opportunity for vulnerability,Read MoreDevelopments For Securing The Nations Ports1574 Words   |  7 PagesAlaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Transportation Security Administration (2010), broaden the definition of† the maritime sector to include a wide range of watercraft and vessels and consists of approximately 95,000 miles of coastline, 361 ports, more than 10,000 miles of navigable waterways, 3.4 million square miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone, and intermodal landside connections, which allow the various modes of transportation to move people and goods to, from, and onRead MoreA Study on Border Security876 Words   |  4 PagesBorder security The border control has policies set to particularly stop illegal immigrants into the U.S.A. The official mission of this border control is to ensure that the boundaries of the United States are protected through prevention of illegal entry and through the detection, interdicting as well as apprehending illegal entrants, smugglers and contraband. The protection of the borders of the U.S.A; land, sea and air is vital for the homeland security as well as economic prosperity. BorderRead MoreHomeland Security Chapter 9-10 Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesattempts and successes at border patrol. Beginning with the U.S customs and Border Protection, the Border Patrol office has like many other agencies, merged with the DHS following 9/11. The reason is because the Border Patrol is now after 9/11 been concerned with the prevention of terrorist’s entry. The Border Patrol also merged with customs, which has a long history with border patrol. The CBP has been charged with guarding 70 00 miles of U.S Land border. The Border patrol has been very concernedRead MoreTsa And Transportation Security Administration916 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States established a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and heighten its security throughout the transportation system, which were designed to prevent similar attacks in the future. This research paper will discuss the history of the TSA and what it does, how TSA improve aviation security, and the cargo screening process. This paper will conclude an overall debrief of my discussion about the TSA and transportation security. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) wasRead MoreEssay on Port Security1596 Words   |  7 Pagesand Container Ship Security by Jennifer L. Rodriguez TLMT605 July 15, 2012 Table of Contents Abstract Literature Review Body of Content 1. Economic Impact 2. High Visibility/High Causalities 3. Ease of Attack 4. Conclusion References Abstract Since the 9/11 attacks, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has increased security measures at airportsRead MoreA Welcome Letter Of President Obama And Secretary Foxx1264 Words   |  6 PagesGood morning. On behalf of President Obama and Secretary Foxx, it is an honor to be here this morning and to welcome you to the United States. It is truly a pleasure for the Department of Transportation’s Maritime Administration to host this APEC Port Services Network Workshop in one of America’s greatest port cities: Seattle, Washington. It is very fitting that we chose this location for our engagement. Seattle’s waterfront and harbor played central roles in this city’s transition fromRead MoreShould the US Government Bail Out and Subsidize the American Maritime Industry?1697 Words   |  7 Pagesbail out and/or subsidize the American maritime industry? If not, why not? If so to what extent? There is little argument among national policymakers that the American economy was severely horsewhipped by the Great Recession of 2008, and that the country has only recently recovered sufficiently for economists to breathe a sigh of relief that the corner has been turned. Likewise, there is virtually no argument among national policymakers that a healthy maritime industry is also an essential component

Workplace Challenges For Women And Minorities Essay

Workplace Challenges For Women And Minorities - How To Cope With Them? By Rizwan H Dayo | Submitted On November 29, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Rizwan H Dayo Challenges faced by women and minority at the workplace Nowadays, the concept of modernization has increased the awareness of people. Everybody is concerned about his or her rights. Apart from that, much emphasis is being put on to have the diverse workforce at the workplace to have a variety of talent. Therefore, in most of the countries many organizations are trying to transform accordingly. They are abiding the laws of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) in order to promote their positive image and to be in the market as the worthy contributor. However, this is not the whole story, there is something more than that. There are many organizations that are clearly able to bypass the EEO without hurting its core principles. Those so-called worthy organizations have become smart enough to stay clean despite all the mess. They are fulfilling all the documented requirements, but actually, they are not practicing those. Still, there are challenges, barriers, hurdles or whatever impediments, that are placedShow MoreRelatedDiversity And Public Administration By Harvey L. White And Rice1254 Words   |  6 Pages White and Rice (2010) stated challenges will form from changes in demographics which are affecting the demands of delivery and visions of products and services. Since 2000, minority population has increased dramatically. In result of minority population increasing, public organizations have a more diverse work environment. In the workplace, diversity can be a benefit. According to the article entitled , â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Diversity in the Workplace† by David Ingram, Ingram(2015)Read MoreDiversity Within A Workforce Diversity894 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent initiatives. Some organizations have started reaping the benefits of employees’ diversity at their workplaces. Some public and private organizations have promoted women and minorities to leadership posi tions, which was rear in the past. Despite the advantages diversity brings in various organizations and the initiatives taken by organizations to promote it, implementing it poses challenges in different organizations. Initiatives to promote diversity The demographic makeup of workforce, whichRead MoreDiversity1392 Words   |  6 PagesCreating and Nurturing a Women Minority Friendly Workplace Workplace diversity is a complex issue and addressing it is necessary to have which a competitive advantage in today’s fast-growing economy. While women appear to thrive at entry-level positions, moving up the ladder is challenging. In fact, retaining women and minorities in the workplace has become increasingly harder for large companies, especially healthcare organizations. Despite the clear value of having a diverse workforce, likeRead MoreXerox1670 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizational leaders encourage managers and employees to follow laws and guidelines. It will also discuss how hiring women and minorities improved Xerox’s profitability. In addition, the changes that Xerox made to become a more attractive employer for women and minorities will be identified. Finally, there will be an evaluation of whether or not hiring and promoting women and minorities has been unfair to Caucasian men. Ensuring Top Organizational Leaders Encourage Managers and Employees to FollowRead MoreMinority Faculty: Maintaining the Balance in the Field of Economics731 Words   |  3 PagesIn todays world, businesses and academics face many divergent challenges. In addition to the need for keeping abreast of the latest technological and research drives, managers and staff must also be sensitive to social concerns such as the diversity that is encouraged and managed in the workplace. The presence of minority staff, for example, should be supplemented with a concern and sensitivity for the needs and concerns of this sector of the staff without also appearing biased in the process. ThisRead MoreThe World As The Global Business1493 Words   |  6 Pagesan environment that constantly changes an organization needs to embrace diversity, this provides a bigger range of ideas, emotions, new perspective and a new direction into the future. These ideas are based on a bigger demographic population in a workplace, a company or a business that represents the same diversity, as society tends to survive the trends of our social economy. According to the Webster’s dictionary â€Å"Diversity† is defined as the state of having people who are different races or who haveRead MoreThe Diversity At The Workplace747 Words   |  3 PagesThomas (1992) entails the diversity at workplace in terms of all ancestry, ethnicity, age, gender, race, educational background, sexual orientation, marital status, religious belief, income, geographic location and work experience. The mobility in human resource trend is emerging within the competitive market that requires more strategic role on account of human resource management. Organizations may fall in dire consequences of outplaying by other competitors in strategic employment. Nowadays, workforceRead MoreThe 1964 Civil Rights Act1173 Words   |  5 Pagesemployers. So why it is that sex segregation is so rampant in the workplace still? S egregation is defined as the characteristic on which groups are sorted symbolized dominant or subordinate status and become the bases for differential treatment. It provides rewards for the dominating group in society and makes the minority group stay below. This process provides an illusion of equal but separate treatment for the people of the workplace. Making great strides since the 1960’s, woman to male inequalityRead MoreOrganizational Diversity Processes1075 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Diversity Processes I. Women and Minorities in Today’s Organizations * Glass ceiling – is a concept popularized in the 1980s to describe a barrier so subtle that is transparent, yet so strong that it prevents women and minorities from moving up in the management hierarchy (Morrison and Von Glinow) * The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission reports that â€Å"color discrimination in employment seems to be on the rise†. Recent studies have found that black job applicants withRead MoreEssay Diverse Workforce1538 Words   |  7 Pagesof a diverse workforce For an organization, a diverse workforce is good for it. Diversity is not only beneficial to both associates, but also to employers. Although associates are interdependent in the workplace, respecting individual differences can increase productivity. Diversity in the workplace can reduce lawsuits and increase marketing opportunities, recruitment, creativity, and business image (Esty, et al., 1995). In an era when flexibility and creativity are keys to competitiveness, diversity

Duopoly and Oligopolies in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Monopolies, Duopoly and Oligopolies in Australia. Answer: Introduction Market provides a common platform for exchange of goods and services between buyers and sellers. In economics, any type of exchange relation in defined as market. The most ideal form of market is perfectly competitive market where several buyers and sellers compete in common place. In reality, no form of market is perfectly competitive. The forms of market mostly found belong to imperfect competition. Monopolies, duopoly and oligopolies are some of the commonly discussed market structure. In Australia, imperfectly competitive market structure exists in different form. The paper briefly discusses these markets structures making use of related microeconomic theories. Brief article story Concentration of market is a common feature of small open economy. Australia seems as a concentrated country if viewed from market structures of airlines, mining industry, supermarkets and energy companies. The article scrutinized market concentration in Australia. Australian banking is not the only sector having large players capturing major market shares. In the airline market, two big players are Qantas and Virgin holding 95 percent market share together. Woolworths and Coles are two dominating names in the grocery supermarket. Telstra holds almost a monopoly position in telecommunication (theaustralian.com.au 2017). Concentration encourages the small number of sellers to innovate new production technique to have an additional competitive edge over its competitors and hence contribute to productive efficiency. On the other hand, if sellers do not initiate productive efficiency and only enjoy their market power then there is inefficient allocation of resources. In most of the advan ced economies, large firm domination is an important aspect. In the internet market, Google enjoys more than 90 percent share. For US oil production, John Rockefellers behemoth Standard oil control 64 percent production. With passes of time, concentration has become more prevalent. Even a decade ago, car manufacturing, banking and mining are not so much concentrated as they are now. In the monopoly market, where a single seller controls majority of market share the biggest threat is an unexpectedly high price with a limited production. The monopoly market becomes a serious concern if there is no innovation and potential competitors putting threat to monopoly position. Firms grow large depending on their good and consistent performance. The small businesses in Australia having no more than 20 employees practically has no contribution in the job growth from 2009 (heraldsun.com.au 2017). In contrast, big size firms already having a large employee strength (200 or more) are responsible for more than three forth job creation for the similar period. Adam Smith in 18th century expressed concern for existence of monopoly. However, the type of monopoly Adam Smith talked about was the one created through gover nment grant, subsidies, regulation or other form of privileges. The monopoly created by commercial success of the firm the efficient form of monopolies. In Australia, existing oligopolies gain considerable support from government. Heavy hitters in Australians corporate and dominating players in stock market receives governments favor in terms of licensing and regulation playing an equivalent role as innovation. When monopolies created by government support then it is called natural monopolies (ausbt.com.au 2017). A classic example of natural monopoly is distribution of electricity network. Article evaluation using economic theories Evaluation of the article needs a close look at different market structures. Perfectly competitive market is an extreme form of market. Joan Robinson suggested the idea of free market as given by classical economist do not exists in real world. The market dominated by a single seller is termed as a monopoly market. In the market, the single seller serves numerous buyers and therefore has maximum market power (Baldwin and Scott 2013). The market power makes it possible for the monopolist to charge a high price on a comparatively low quantity supplied. Both in the short run and in the long-run the monopolist enjoys a significant profit margin. Adam Smith opposed monopolies created from government regulation. Most form of concentration in Australian market exists because of considerable government support. In telecommunication, finance, mining and property market Australian government created and favored large players (smh.com.au 2017). These form of monopoly as suggested by Adam Smith more often constitute inefficiency in the market. Entry barriers to new entrants is important for holding monopoly position. When natural barriers exist in form of government regulation then this is called natural monopoly. The large-scale operation of the single firm gives it benefits of scale economies (Lim and Yurukoglu 2015). The firm is able to operate at falling part of average cost. One natural monopoly market in Australia is electricity distribution. Another concentrated form of market is oligopoly market. Instead of having only one seller like monopolies, there are few large firms in the market. Strategy of one firm depends on the strategy of its rival firms (Belleflamme and Peitz 2015). One practical example of strategic interdependence is the price war among sellers. Duopoly market is a subset of oligopoly. When the number of sellers in the oligopoly market reduces to only two sellers then duopoly market formed (Dunne et al. 2013). Virgin and Qantas in airline, Coles and Woolworths in grocery supermarket are some duopoly player in Australia. Recommendation In the Australian economy, market concentration is observed in different areas. In a concentrated market, sellers are always at an advantageous position. When government supports concentration then the situation can even turn worse. Therefore, the government should allow concentration only where it is needed. For example, natural monopoly is a market where it is efficient for the market itself to have single seller. In other areas, government should encourage competition to allocate resources efficiently and enhance productivity. Conclusion In Australia market concentration found to exist in form of monopoly, oligopoly or duopoly market. Airline, baking, grocery market and telecommunication are some examples of concentrated industry. In these industries, one, two or four large players dominate the market. The big businesses with their expansion creates new job opportunities in contrast to almost stagnant small businesses. Some form of concentration in Australia has developed with assistance from government. References Australian Business Traveller. (2017).Borghetti defends the Qantas-Virgin duopoly. [online] Available at: https://www.ausbt.com.au/borghetti-defends-the-qantas-virgin-duopoly [Accessed 11 Dec. 2017]. Baldwin, W. and Scott, J., 2013.Market structure and technological change(Vol. 18). Taylor Francis. Belleflamme, P. and Peitz, M., 2015.Industrial organization: markets and strategies. Cambridge University Press. Dunne, T., Klimek, S.D., Roberts, M.J. and Xu, D.Y., 2013. Entry, exit, and the determinants of market structure.The RAND Journal of Economics,44(3), pp.462-487. Heraldsun.com.au. (2017).Local monopolies have better results. [online] Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/study-finds-australian-monopolies-have-better-results/news-story/83436800178abede28b01f82135a5da5 [Accessed 11 Dec. 2017]. Lim, C.S. and Yurukoglu, A., 2015. 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